1. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb yog kev lag luam chemical, muaj ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yeej zoo ib yam. Cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab zoo (roj hmab nyoos), thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm suav nrog:
Npaj cov khoom nyoos → Kev sib faib tawm → Txhim kho → tsim → kev hnav khaub ncaws hnav khaub ncaws, hnav khaub ncaws → tshuaj xyuas
2. Cov khoom siv raw
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab yog cov roj hmab nyoos, tus sawv cev ua ke, cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Cov roj hmab nyoos yog cov khoom siv yooj yim; tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas yog cov khoom siv pabcuam ntxiv los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab; cov khoom siv fiber ntau (paj rwb, hemp, ntaub plaub thiab ntau yam rayon, hluavtaws fiber ntau) thiab cov khoom siv hlau (hlau hlau, tooj liab hlau) Nws yog siv cov khoom siv pob txha rau cov khoom siv roj hmab los txhim kho cov tshuab ua kom lub zog thiab txwv kev hloov khoom.
Hauv kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum raug hnyav raws li cov qauv. Txhawm rau tso cai rau cov roj hmab nyoos thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom sib xyaw nrog txhua lwm yam, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua tiav:
1. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub, tshwj xeeb yog kev lag luam chemical, muaj ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntau lawm yeej zoo ib yam. Cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab zoo (roj hmab nyoos), thiab nws cov txheej txheem ntau lawm suav nrog:
Npaj cov khoom nyoos → Kev sib faib tawm → Txhim kho → tsim → qhov chaw mos → sim → so → kuaj
2. Raw khoom npaj
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab yog cov roj hmab nyoos, tus sawv cev ua ke, cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Cov roj hmab nyoos yog cov khoom siv yooj yim; tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas yog cov khoom siv pabcuam ntxiv los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab; cov khoom siv fiber ntau (paj rwb, hemp, ntaub plaub thiab ntau yam rayon, hluavtaws fiber ntau) thiab cov khoom siv hlau (hlau hlau, tooj liab hlau) Nws yog siv cov khoom siv pob txha rau cov khoom siv roj hmab los txhim kho cov tshuab ua kom lub zog thiab txwv kev hloov khoom.
Hauv kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum raug hnyav raws li cov qauv. Txhawm rau tso cai rau cov roj hmab nyoos thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom sib xyaw nrog txhua lwm yam, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum ua tiav:
Cov roj hmab nyoos yuav tsum tau muag muag nyob rau hauv 60-70 ° C qhov cub, tom qab ntawd txiav rau hauv roj hmab thiab tawg ua tej daim me me;
Cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke ntau xws li paraffin, stearic acid, rosin, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau tawg;
Yog hais tias cov hmoov ua paug rau tus neeg sawv cev muaj cov tshuab tsis haum lossis ntxhib ntxhib, nws yuav tsum kuaj.
Cov kua roj ua kom sib xyaw ua ke (cov ntoo thuv, cov roj av) yuav tsum muaj cua sov, yaj, yaj dej, thiab lim impurities;
Tus neeg sawv cev ua ke yuav tsum tau qhuav, txwv tsis pub nws yooj yim rau agglomerate thiab sib xyaw thiab tawg thaum nws tsis tawg yooj yim, thiab cov npuas tsim tawm thaum lub caij vulcanization, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam zoo;
3. Kev Raug Txim
Cov roj hmab nyoos yog elastic thiab tsis muaj cov khoom tsim nyog (yasity) thaum lub sijhawm ua, yog li nws tsis yooj yim los ua. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws txoj yas, cov roj hmab nyoos yog yas; yog li, tus neeg sawv cev compounding yog yooj yim dispersed uniformly hauv cov roj hmab nyoos thaum lub sij hawm kneading; tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov permeability ntawm cov roj hmab thaum lub sij hawm calendering thiab molding txheej txheem (nkag rau sab hauv cov ntaub fiber ntau) thiab molding fluidity. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo qis txoj sia ntev-cov qauv lwg me ntsis ntawm cov roj hmab los ua cov khoom yas yog hu ua mastication. Muaj ob hom kev nyoos yas mastication txoj kev: neeg kho tshuab mastication thiab refining thermoplastic. Neeg kho tshuab mastication yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev luv luv ntawm cov roj-ncua ntev ntawm cov roj hmab lwg me me thiab hloov los ntawm lub xeev ywj heev mus rau lub xeev yas los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab extrusion thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm lub plasticizer ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsawg. Thermoplasticing yog kev qhia ntawm cov huab cua kub mus rau hauv cov roj hmab nyoos. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm tshav kub thiab oxygen, qhov xeb ntawm cov saw ntev-molecules yog luv, yog li tau txais cov khoom yas.
4. Kev sib xyaw
Txhawm rau hloov mus rau kev siv ntau yam, tau txais ntau yam khoom, thiab tseem yuav txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab txo nqi, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kab mob sib txawv rau cov khoom siv roj hmab. Kev sib xyaw yog txheej txheem uas cov roj hmab nyoos tom qab mastication sib xyaw nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib tov, muab tso rau hauv lub tshuab roj hmab sib tov, thiab cov khoom xyaw sib xyaw ua kom tiav thiab sib cais rau cov khoom sib xyaw rau hauv cov roj hmab nyoos. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab. Yog tias kev sib xyaw tsis zoo ib yam, cov teebmeem ntawm cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom sib txuas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tau tom qab sib tov yog hu ua roj hmab sib txuas. Nws yog cov khoom siv ib hlis ib nrab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab ntau yam. Nws nquag muaj npe ua roj hmab sib txuas. Nws feem ntau raug muag raws li cov khoom muag. Tus neeg yuav khoom ncaj qha tuaj yeem tsim thiab vulcanize cov roj hmab sib txuas. Cov khoom siv roj hmab xav tau. Ua raws cov qauv, qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj ntau qib thiab qib sib txawv nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab muaj cov kev xaiv.
5. Ua
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab, ntau yam ntawm cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem yog preliminarily tsim los ntawm daim ntawv txheeb los yog cov txuas ntxiv, uas yog hu ua kev sib sau. Cov hau kev molding:
Calendering yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua cov ntawv yooj yim thiab cov khoom lag luam phaj. Nws yog txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev nias roj hmab sib txuas rau hauv ib qho kev hloov thiab qhov luaj li cas los ntawm calender, uas yog hu ua calender molding. Qee cov khoom lag luam ntawm textile (xws li cov log tsheb, tapes, hoses, thiab lwm yam) siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom siv fiber ntau yuav tsum tau lo nrog cov txheej txheem lo kua nplaum (tseem hu ua kua nplaum lossis kua nplaum ntawm lub fiber), thiab cov txheej txheem kua nplaum feem ntau ua tiav ntawm calender. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau yuav tsum tau ziab thiab ntsw ua ntej calendering. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ziab yog txo cov dej ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau (kom tsis txhob nqus dej thiab txau dej) thiab ua kom qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem calendering. Dipping yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ua ntej dai kua nplaum, txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau thiab cov roj hmab sib txuas.
Extrusion molding Rau ntau cov khoom siv roj hmab, xws li cov log tsheb sib tsoo, hose, thiab cov hlau saum npoo txheej, nws xav tau kev tsim khoom los ntawm extrusion molding. Nws yog muab tso rau qee qhov tseeb ntawm cov roj hmab mus rau hauv lub plhaw ntawm lub tshuab txuas, thiab nyem nws tawm los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub qhov ncauj (tseem hu ua qauv) hauv qab qhov extrusion ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Yav dhau los, qhov sib xyaw yuav tsum tau preheated kom cov roj hmab mos thiab yooj yim kom extrude, uas ua rau cov khoom siv roj hmab nrog cov nplaim thiab qhov tseeb.
Moulding Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem molding los tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab ntawm ntau yam duab (xws li khob thiab ntsaws ruaj ruaj), thiab tsim cov roj hmab hauv pwm los ntawm kev siv moulded poj niam thiab txiv neej pwm.
6. Kev Ntsuas Kom Raug
Cov txheej txheem ntawm hloov cov roj hmab yas rau hauv cov roj hmab elastic yog hu ua vulcanization. Nws yog ntxiv qee qhov nqi ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm vulcanizing (xws li leej faj, vulcanization accelerator, thiab lwm yam) mus rau cov khoom ib nrab ua cov khoom siv ua cov roj hmab (hauv lub tank vulcanization), hauv cov kev cai tswj cua sov thiab kev tiv thaiv kub ntawm qhov kub ua rau linear cov qauv ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos los sib txuas sib txuas los ua ib lub qauv network los ntawm kev ua "choj leej choj", yog li ua cov yas sib xyaw ua ib qho vulcanizate muaj qhov siab elasticity. Txij li thaum tus ntoo khaub lig-txuas daim ntawv cog lus yog feem ntau los ntawm leej faj, nws yog hu ua "vulcanization". Nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov roj hmab hluavtaws, muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm vulcanizing, ntxiv rau cov leej faj, organic polysulfides, peroxides, thiab hlau oxides. Tos. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov roj hmab yas ntawm cov kab teeb tsa mus rau hauv cov roj hmab elastic ntawm peb ntu cov qauv network yog hu ua vulcanization. Txhua yam khoom uas tuaj yeem "txuas" rau hauv cov khoom siv roj hmab yog hu ua "vulcanizing agent".
Vulcanized elastic roj hmab yog hu ua vulcanized roj hmab, tseem hu ua cov roj hmab muag. Nws yog feem ntau hu ua "roj hmab". Vulcanization yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav roj hmab. Ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab yuav tsum tau vulcanized kom tau txais cov kev ua tau zoo. Cov roj hmab tsis siv tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig siv, tab sis tsis muaj leej faj (tsis muaj qib ntawm vulcanization, lub sijhawm tsis muaj vulcanization tsis tiav, tsis ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws) thiab persulfurization (tshaj li lub sijhawm vulcanization, kev ua tau zoo yog txo qis) Roj hmab kev ua tau zoo yog qis. Yog li, lub sijhawm vulcanization yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem ntau lawm kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm tau ntev tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj hmab vulcanized.
7. Kev ntsuas ntu
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tiav, yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuas ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm:
7.1 nce lub zog - nrog cov pa roj carbon tawv dub, tov nrog phenolic cob;
7.2 Txo qhov hnav tsis kam - nrog cov carbon dub dub;
7.3 Cov huab cua nruj yuav tsum - siv cov khoom siv tsawg hloov pauv;
7.4 nce kub tiv taus - siv cov txheej txheem tshiab vulcanization;
7.5 nce qhov txias tiv thaiv - los ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua rau inlaid ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos, txo qhov tsis sib xws ntawm crystallization, siv qis kub tiv taus plasticizer;
7.6 Muaj nplaim hluav taws ntau ntxiv - tsis muaj cov nplaim taws ntxiv, ua kom tawv dua, nplaim taws rov qab (piv txwv li antimony trioxide)
7.7 nce oxygen oxygen resistance thiab ozone resistance - kev siv p-diamine tiv thaiv tus neeg sawv cev;
7.8 Txhim kho qhov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev - siv cov qauv ntim zoo nkauj lossis cov hmoov hlau nrog tus sawv cev antistatic;
7.9 Txhim kho cov khoom sib nqus - siv strontium iron oxide hmoov, aluminium nickel hlau hmoov, hlau strontium hmoov, thiab lwm yam raws li qhov muab tub lim;
7.10 Txhim kho cov dej tsis ua hauj lwm - siv cov hlau lead oxide lossis resin vulcanization system, nrog cov nqus dej kom nqus dej tsawg (xws li barium sulfate, av nplaum);
7.11 Txhim kho cov roj tsis ua hauj - tag nrho cov ntawv sib txuas, cov khoom siv yas tsawg dua;
7.12 Txhim kho cov kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam - cov tub lim dej ntxig;
7.13 Txhim kho lub tshuab nqus tsev siab - siv cov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg;
7.14 Txo qhov tawv tawv - ntau ntau ntawm qhov ua kom cov tawv muag
8. Kev faib cov roj hmab cov khoom lag luam thiab lawv cov ntawv thov rau hauv lub tsheb
Cov khoom siv roj hmab tau siv dav thiab muaj ntau yam. Raws li lub hom phiaj, nws feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: kev lag luam thiab pej xeem. Cov khoom siv roj hmab muaj feem ntau suav nrog: cov log tsheb, tapes, hoses, offset phaj, tapes thiab daim kab xev khoom, ntsaws ruaj ruaj, dampers kev co, cov khoom lag luam tawv, cov khoom siv roj hmab tawv, cov khoom siv roj hmab rwb thaiv tsev, roj hmab roj hmab thiab cov ntaub roj hmab.