Nyob rau hauv silicone thiab polymer chemistry, silicones los yog polysiloxanes yog cov polymers tsim los ntawm rov qab siloxane units (−O−R2Si−O–SiR2−, qhov twg R=ib pawg organic). Lawv feem ntau yog cov roj tsis muaj xim lossis cov khoom siv roj hmab. Silicones yog siv nyob rau hauv sealants, adhesives, lubricants, tshuaj, cookware, thermal rwb thaiv tsev, thiab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li silicone roj, roj, roj hmab, resins, thiab caulks.
Silicones muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, suav nrog: [1]
Tsawg thermal conductivity
Tsawg tshuaj reactivity
Tsawg toxicity
Thermal stability (kev ua haujlwm tas li ntawm qhov kub ntau ntawm -100 txog 250 degree)
Water repellency thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug watertight seal.
Tsis ua raws li ntau lub substrates, tab sis adheres zoo rau lwm tus, xws li iav
Tsis txhawb kev loj hlob microbial
Resistant wrinkling thiab creases
Resistant oxygen, ozone, thiab ultraviolet (UV) lub teeb. Cov cuab yeej no tau ua rau muaj kev siv ntau ntawm silicones hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev (piv txwv li, coatings, fireproofing, iav sealing) thiab kev lag luam tsheb (sab nrauv gaskets, sab nrauv trim).
Hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev. Vim tias silicones tuaj yeem tsim los ua hluav taws xob los yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau yam kev siv hluav taws xob.
High gas permeability: Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub (25 degree), silicone roj hmab yog kwv yees li 400 lub sij hawm ntau permeable rau gases xws li oxygen dua butyl roj hmab, uas ua rau silicone roj hmab pab tau nyob rau hauv kev kho mob daim ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau muaj cua tshuab. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov roj hmab silicone tsis tuaj yeem siv qhov twg yuav tsum muaj lub foob hermetic, xws li nrog cov pa roj cua siab lossis lub tshuab nqus tsev siab.
Silicone roj hmab tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv cov ntawv roj hmab nrog cov khoom ntxiv, xws li kev ua raws li FDA cov qauv. Qhov no nthuav dav siv cov ntawv silicone roj hmab rau hauv kev lag luam uas xav tau kev nyiam huv, xws li zaub mov thiab dej haus thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.
Silicones yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom. Ullmann Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry teev cov npe hauv qab no: hluav taws xob (xws li rwb thaiv tsev), hluav taws xob (xws li coatings), cov khoom siv hauv tsev (xws li sealants thiab cookware), tsheb (xws li gaskets), aircraft (xws li cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj), khoom siv hauv tsev (xws li keyboard pads), tshuaj thiab kho hniav (xws li kev kho hniav impressions), textiles thiab ntawv (xws li coatings).