Ua ntej, txheej txheem yooj yim
Muaj ntau ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab, tab sis cov txheej txheem tsim tawm yog qhov pib ib yam. Cov txheej txheem theem pib ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab siv cov roj hmab cov khoom siv-cov roj hmab zoo li cov khoom siv raw suav nrog rau 6 qhov txheej txheem ntawm mastication, sib xyaw, calendering, extrusion, molding thiab vulcanization. Ntawm chav kawm, cov txheej txheem yooj yim xws li kev npaj khoom raw, kev ua tiav cov khoom tiav, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas thiab ntim khoom kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem roj hmab ua feem ntau yog los daws cov txheej txheem kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom yas thiab cov yam ntxwv ywj pheej. Los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem, cov roj hmab elastic tau hloov mus ua cov khoom siv yas ua ke, thiab tom qab ntawd ntau cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv tau ntxiv los ua cov khoom lag luam ua tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom tiav tau muaj plasticity tau hloov mus ua cov khoom siv roj hmab nrog elasticity siab thiab zoo lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev los ntawm vulcanization. Cov.
Thib ob, cov khoom siv raw npaj
1. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab yog cov roj hmab nyoos ua cov khoom siv yooj yim, thaum cov roj hmab nyoos yog cog rau hauv cov chaw kub thiab muaj xyoob ntoo, cov ntoo roj hmab ntoo sau los ntawm kev txiav cov tawv ntoo.
2. Ntau cov kab mob sib xyaws yog cov khoom siv ntxiv los txhim kho qee yam khoom ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau (paj rwb, hemp, ntaub plaub thiab ntau cov rayon, cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom siv hlau, hlau hlau) yog siv los ua cov khoom siv pob txha rau cov khoom siv roj hmab txhawm rau txhim kho cov tshuab muaj zog thiab txwv kev hloov khoom. Hauv cov txheej txheem npaj cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum ntsuas kom raug raws li cov qauv mis. Txhawm rau tso cai rau cov roj hmab nyoos thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom sib xyaw nrog kev sib xyaw, cov khoom siv xav tau kev ua tiav. Cov roj hmab nyoos yuav tsum tau muag muag nyob rau hauv chav tsev 60-70 ° C kom qhuav, tom qab ntawd txiav ua tej daim, tawg ua tej daim me me, thiab tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas ua ke muaj cov duab thaiv. Xws li paraffin, stearic acid, rosin, thiab lwm yam kom tau tawg. Yog tias cov hmoov ua tiav nrog cov tshuab tsis haum lossis ntxhib ntxhib, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj thiab tshem tawm kua xws li ntoo thuv. Gumaron xav tau cua sov, yaj, dej tso dej, thiab lim dej ua tsis taus. Yog tias tus neeg sawv cev zom zaws nws tau qhuav lawm, nws yuav yooj yim rau agglomerate thiab yog tias nws tsis tawg thaum sib tov. Huab cua ua pa tawm thaum lub cev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom zoo.
Thib peb, mastication
Cov roj hmab nyoos yog ywj pheej thiab tsis tshua muaj cov khoom zoo li yas tsim nyog rau kev ua, yog li nws tsis yooj yim los ua. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub hnab yas, cov roj hmab nyoos yog masticated, yog li tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas tau yooj yim tawg yooj yim hauv cov roj hmab nyoos thaum lub sij hawm kneading, thiab kuj pab txhim kho permeability ntawm cov roj hmab rau hauv daim ntaub npuag thaum lub sijhawm sib tsoo thiab molding cov txheej txheem. Cov. Thiab molding fluidity. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txo qis txoj sia ntev-cov qauv lwg me ntsis ntawm cov roj hmab los ua cov khoom yas yog hu ua mastication. Muaj ob hom kev nyoos yas mastication txoj kev: neeg kho tshuab mastication thiab refining thermoplastic. Mechanical mastication yog ib qho txheej txheem uas ua rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov kav ntev roj hmab molecules luv luv los ntawm lub xeev elastic heev mus rau lub xeev yas los ntawm kev siv tshuab extrusion thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm lub hnab yas ntawm qhov kub tsawg. Thermoplasticing yog cov kev qhia ntawm cov cua kub cua mus rau hauv cov roj hmab nyoos kom ua kom txoj kev ntuag ntev ntawm cov xov tooj ntev ntev hauv qab cov pa taws thiab cov pa kom tau txais cov khoom yas.
Thib plaub, sib xyaw ua ke
Txhawm rau hloov mus rau ntau yam kev mob ntawm kev siv, kom tau txais ntau yam khoom, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab kom txo nqi, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav ntxiv cov kab mob sib txawv rau cov khoom siv roj hmab. Kev sib xyaw yog txheej txheem uas cov roj hmab nyoos tom qab mastication tau sib xyaw nrog tus neeg sawv cev cov khoom sib xyaw thiab muab tso rau hauv cov roj hmab sib xyaw tshuab kom tiav thiab sib cais rau tus neeg sawv cev sib tov rau hauv cov roj hmab nyoos los ntawm kev siv tshuab sib xyaw. Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab. Yog tias kev sib xyaw tsis zoo ib yam, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov roj hmab thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tau tom qab sib tov yog hu ua roj hmab sib txuas. Nws yog cov khoom siv ib hlis ib nrab rau kev tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab ntau yam. Nws nquag muaj npe ua roj hmab sib txuas. Nws feem ntau raug muag raws li cov khoom muag. Cov khoom siv roj hmab tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha thiab tsim los ntawm cov roj hmab. Cov. Nyob ntawm daim ntawv qhia, qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj ntau qib thiab qib sib txawv nrog cov khoom sib txawv.
Tsib, molding
Hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab, ntau yam ntawm cov duab sib txawv thiab ntau thiab tsawg txheej txheem tau npaj ua ntej los ntawm kev siv tus calender lossis ib qho txuas ntxiv. Cov txheej txheem molding muaj
Calendering
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov ntawv yooj yim thiab cov khoom lag luam phaj. Nws yog txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev nias roj hmab sib txuas rau hauv ib qho kev hloov thiab qhov luaj li cas los ntawm calender, uas yog hu ua calender molding. Qee cov khoom siv roj hmab, xws li cov log tsheb, khi, hoses, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau lo nrog cov ntawv nyias ntawm cov kua nplaum. Cov kua nplaum ntawm cov xaim kuj tseem hu ua kua nplaum lossis kua nplaum. Txheej txheem kua nplaum siv cov txheej txheem feem ntau kuj ua nyob rau ntawm calender. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau kom ziab thiab ziab ua ntej calendering yog txo cov dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau kom tsis txhob nqus dej thiab ua kom qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem calendering. Dipping yog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ua ntej cov kua nplaum siv rau kev txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau thiab cov roj hmab sib txuas.
2. Extrusion molding
Rau cov khoom siv roj hmab ntau ntxiv, xws li cov log tsheb nrawm, hose, hlau xov txheej yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm extrusion molding. Nws yog txoj kev tso cov yas ib qho rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm lub tshuab txuas rau hauv qhov extrusion ntawm lub hau ntswj los ntawm ntau qhov ntawm cov qhov ncauj, tseem hu ua tus qauv. Ua ntej extrusion, cov roj hmab yuav tsum tau preheated kom cov roj hmab mos thiab yooj yim kom extrude kom tau txais cov khoom siv roj hmab nrog cov nplaim du thiab qhov loj me.
3. Kev pwm
Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv hom kev txhaj tshuaj molding los ua qee yam khoom siv roj hmab muaj cov khoom sib txawv xws li lub khob thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab muab cov roj hmab tso rau hauv pwm los ntawm kev siv moulded poj niam thiab txiv neej pwm.
Rau, vulcanization
Cov txheej txheem ntawm hloov cov roj hmab yas rau hauv cov roj hmab elastic yog hu ua vulcanization. Nws yog ntxiv ib qhov nqi ntawm qee tus neeg sawv cev vulcanizing xws li leej faj, vulcanization accelerator, thiab lwm yam mus rau cov khoom ib nrab ua cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov roj hmab, thiab cov cua sov thiab ua kom sov qhov kub ntawm qhov kub tshaj tawm nyob hauv qhov chaw lim dej. Cov kab tawm ntawm cov roj hmab ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos sib txuas sib txawv los ntawm kev tsim "choj leej choj" los ua lub network txheej txheem ntawm lub cev, kom cov yas sib txuas ua ib qho vulcanizate muaj qhov siab elasticity. Txij li thaum tus ntoo khaub lig-txuas daim ntawv cog lus yog feem ntau los ntawm leej faj, nws yog hu ua "vulcanization". Nrog txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov roj hmab hluavtaws, ntau yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm vulcanizing muaj cov organic polysulfides, peroxides, thiab cov hlau oxide ntxiv rau leej faj. Yog li ntawd, txhua cov txheej txheem uas hloov cov roj hmab yas ntawm cov kab teeb tsa ua qhov tsim muaj peb-txoj kab kev ua haujlwm hauv lub network yog hu ua tus neeg sawv cev vulcanizing. Cov tshuaj twg uas tuaj yeem "txuas" rau hauv cov khoom siv roj hmab yog hu ua "vulcanizing agent". Cov roj hmab vulcanized elastic yog hu ua cov roj hmab vulcanized, uas kuj hu ua cov roj hmab mos. Vulcanization yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tiav roj hmab. Ntau yam khoom siv roj hmab yuav tsum tau vulcanized kom ua tiav qhov xav tau. Cov roj hmab uas tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tsis muaj nqi siv hauv kev siv, tab sis qib ntawm cov leej faj vulcanization tsis tau txaus. Lub sijhawm vulcanization tsis txaus kom ua tiav qhov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub sijhawm sulfur vulcanization dhau, thiab qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov cuam tshuam, uas ua rau cov roj hmab kev ua haujlwm poob qis. Yog li, lub sijhawm vulcanization yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem ntau lawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov roj hmab vulcanized muaj cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev pab lub neej ntev tshaj plaws.
Xya, kev pabcuam tiv thaiv
Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tiav, nws kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tau los ntxiv cov kev ntsuas kev sib txuas hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm.
1. Ua kom lub zog - nrog cov pa roj carbon dub sib xyaw nrog phenolic cob
2. Tshaj qhov hnav tsis kam - nrog tawv carbon dub
3. Cov cua nruj nruj yuav tsum tau - siv cov khoom sib hloov tsawg
4. Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv tshav kub ntau dua - siv cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev tawg rog
5. Ua kom muaj qhov txias txias - los ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua rau ntawm cov roj hmab kom txo tau qhov sib xws ntawm crystallization? Siv qis kub tiv taus plasticizer
6. Ua kom muaj nplaim hluav taws tiv thaiv - tsis muaj cov nplaim taws ntxiv, ua kom tawv muag qis dua, siv cov nplaim hluav taws zoo xws li antimony trioxide
7. Ua kom cov pa thiab oxygen ntau ntxiv - siv cov p-diamine tiv thaiv
8. Txhim kho qhov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev - siv cov qauv zoo nkauj ua haujlwm lossis cov hmoov hlau nrog tus ua haujlwm antistatic
9. Txhim kho cov khoom sib nqus - siv barium iron oxide hmoov, aluminium nickel hlau hmoov, hlau hmoov, thiab lwm yam raws li qhov muab tub lim
10. Txhim kho cov dej tsis ua hauj lwm - siv cov hlau lead oxide lossis resin vulcanization system nrog cov nqus dej kom tsawg xws li barium sulfate, av nplaum
11. Txhim kho cov roj tsis kam - tag nrho cov kab txuas sib txuas, yas tsawg dua
12. Txhim kho cov kua qaub thiab alkali tsis kam - cov roj lim dej ntawm lub hom phiaj
13. Txhim kho lub tshuab nqus tsev siab - nrog tsawg hloov pauv